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Steve Yoon MD Steve Yoon MD

Platelet rich plasma (PRP) is comprised of concentrated platelet cells from blood. Platelet cells contain and secrete various cytoplasmic granules, lysosomal content, microparticles, and secretomes. The three types of platelet secretomes include: alpha granules, dense granules, and lysosomal granules. These secretomes contain cytokines, chemokines, signaling molecules and growth factors. The alpha granules are primarily responsible for secreting the growth factors found in PRP:

  • Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF)
  • Insulin Growth Factor (IGF)
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)
  • Transforming Growth Factor-ℬ (TGF- ℬ)
  • Endothelial Growth Factor (EGF)
  • Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF)

Platelet rich plasma (PRP) has a high concentration of growth factors that has shown in research studies to promote proliferation, differentiation, and migration of cells to the area including fibroblasts, epithelia, endothelial, and mesenchymal stem cells. As a result, PRP is involved in wound healing including hemostasis, angiogenesis (new formation of blood vessels), collagen synthesis, and revascularization of damaged tissue. Studies have also shown its association with chondrogenesis. Clinical studies have shown increased efficiency and efficacy with improved wound and tissue regeneration. PRP has also demonstrated its ability to be involved with the regulation and reduction of inflammation and thus, has been associated with pain modulation.

PRP FAQ's

Is PRP therapy safe?

Yes, PRP therapy is generally safe because it uses the patient’s own blood, minimizing the risk of allergic reactions or infections. However, risks like mild swelling, discomfort, or bruising at the injection site can occur.

Can PRP help with osteoarthritis?

Yes, PRP is used to treat mild to moderate osteoarthritis by:

  • Reducing joint inflammation.
  • Improving cartilage health.
  • Delaying the need for more invasive treatments like joint replacement. PRP is most effective for early-stage osteoarthritis and less effective in advanced cases.

What are the risks or side effects of PRP therapy?

Side effects are minimal but may include:

  • Temporary swelling, redness, or pain at the injection site.
  • Mild bruising.
  • Rarely, infection or tissue irritation.
  • Using sterile techniques and proper preparation reduces these risks.

How is PRP prepared?

PRP is prepared in three main steps:

  1. Blood draw: A small amount of the patient’s blood is collected.
  2. Centrifugation: The blood is spun at high speeds to separate red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
  3. Extraction: The platelet-rich layer is extracted and prepared for injection.
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